report: added figures

.~lock.status.ods#

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-,maggicl,Apple2gs.local,10.05.2021 18:02,file:///Users/maggicl/Library/Application%20Support/LibreOffice/4;

machine_configs/machine_configs.ipynb

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
  "cells": [
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "built-symbol",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
     "# Machine configurations\n",
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 1,
-   "id": "stuffed-lightning",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -31,7 +29,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 3,
-   "id": "upper-lloyd",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -58,7 +55,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 4,
-   "id": "presidential-farmer",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -127,7 +123,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 5,
-   "id": "informative-vietnam",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -150,7 +145,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 6,
-   "id": "pretty-taiwan",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -1562,7 +1556,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": null,
-   "id": "supreme-hepatitis",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": []
@@ -1584,7 +1577,7 @@
    "name": "python",
    "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
    "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.6.9"
+   "version": "3.8.3"
   }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,

report/Claudio_Maggioni_report.md

@@ -2,9 +2,19 @@
 documentclass: usiinfbachelorproject
 title: Understanding and Comparing Unsuccessful Executions in Large Datacenters
 author: Claudio Maggioni
+
+pandoc-options:
+  - --filter=pandoc-include
+  - --latex-engine-opt=--shell-escape
+  - --latex-engine-opt=--enable-write18
+
 header-includes:
 - |
   ```{=latex}
+  \usepackage{subcaption}
+  \usepackage{booktabs}
+  \usepackage{graphicx}
+
   \captionsetup{labelfont={bf}}
   %\subtitle{The (optional) subtitle}
 
@@ -29,57 +39,116 @@ header-includes:
   ```
 ---
 
-Introduction
+# Introduction (including Motivation)
-============
 
-General issues
+# State of the Art
---------------
 
-Latex is not so complex. If you aren't familiar with it just spend some
+- Introduce Ros\'a 2015 DSN paper on analysis
-time in googling for latex commands (e.g. font formats, tables, figures,
+- Describe Google Borg clusters
-items,...).
+- Describe Traces contents
+- Differences between 2011 and 2019 traces
 
-Getting started
+# Project requirements and analysis
----------------
 
-In order to use the bachelor thesis template, be sure that the following
+(describe our objective with this analysis in detail)
-files are present in your working directory:
 
--   usiinfbachelorproject.cls (The latex template)
+# Analysis methodology
 
--   logo-info.pdf (The logo figure)
+## Technical overview of traces' file format and schema
 
--   references.bib (The references file)\
+## Overview on challenging aspects of analysis (data size, schema, avaliable computation resources)
 
-Compilation issues
+## Introduction on apache spark
-------------------
 
-If you are not familiar with Tex, I advise you to download TexShop for
+## General workflow description of apache spark workflow
-Mac OS.\
-To include the references and display them in the final pdf, you have
-first to typeset this file with *LaTex* (ComboBox upper left, if you use
-TexShop), then with *BibTex* and finally again with *LaTex*.\
-In order to resolve figures/table/... references you have to run 2 times
-the (latex) typeset.
 
-Document structure
+The Google 2019 Borg cluster traces analysis were conducted by using Apache
-------------------
+Spark and its Python 3 API (pyspark).  Spark was used to execute a series of
+queries to perform various sums and aggregations over the entire dataset
+provided by Google.
 
-Some basic sections:
+In general, each query follows a general Map-Reduce template, where traces are
+first read, parsed, filtered by performing selections, projections and computing
+new derived fields. Then, the trace records are often grouped by one of their
+fields, clustering related data toghether before a reduce or fold operation is
+applied to each grouping.
 
--   Introduction (including Motivation)
+Most input data is in JSONL format and adheres to a schema Google profided in
+the form of a protobuffer specification[^1].
 
--   State of the Art
+[^1]: [Google 2019 Borg traces Protobuffer specification on Github](
+https://github.com/google/cluster-data/blob/master/clusterdata_trace_format_v3.proto)
 
--   Project requirements and analysis
+On of the main quirks in the traces is that fields that have a "zero" value
+(i.e. a value like 0 or the empty string) are often omitted in the JSON object
+records. When reading the traces in Apache Spark is therefore necessary to check
+for this possibility and populate those zero fields when omitted.
 
--   Project design (top-down)
+Most queries use only two or three fields in each trace records, while the
+original records often are made of a couple of dozen fields. In order to save
+memory during the query, a projection is often applied to the data by the means
+of a .map() operation over the entire trace set, performed using Spark's RDD
+API.
 
--   Implementation issues (bottom-up)
+Another operation that is often necessary to perform prior to the Map-Reduce core of
+each query is a record filtering process, which is often motivated by the
+presence of incomplete data (i.e. records which contain fields whose values is
+unknown). This filtering is performed using the .filter() operation of Spark's
+RDD API.
 
--   Tests (methodology, results, comments)
+The core of each query is often a groupBy followed by a map() operation on the
+aggregated data. The groupby groups the set of all records into several subsets
+of records each having something in common. Then, each of this small clusters is
+reduced with a .map() operation to a single record. The motivation behind this
+computation is often to analyze a time series of several different traces of
+programs. This is implemented by groupBy()-ing records by program id, and then
+map()-ing each program trace set by sorting by time the traces and computing the
+desired property in the form of a record.
+
+Sometimes intermediate results are saved in Spark's parquet format in order to
+compute and save intermediate results beforehand.
+
+## General Query script design
+
+## Ad-Hoc presentation of some analysis scripts (w diagrams)
+
+# Analysis (w observations)
+
+## machine_configs
+
+\input{figures/machine_configs}
+
+**Observations**:
+
+- machine configurations are definitely more varied than the ones in the 2011
+  traces
+- some clusters have more machine variability
+
+## machine_time_waste
+
+\input{figures/machine_time_waste}
+
+**Observations**:
+
+## task_slowdown
+## spatial_resource_waste
+## figure_7
+## figure_8
+## figure_9
+## table_iii, table_iv, figure_v
+
+## Potential causes of unsuccesful executions
+
+# Implementation issues -- Analysis limitations
+
+## Discussion on unknown fields
+
+## Limitation on computation resources required for the analysis
+
+## Other limitations ...
+
+# Conclusions and future work or possible developments
 
--   Conclusions and future work or possible developments
 
 Some examples
 -------------

report/figures/machine_configs.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+\newcommand{\machineconfigs}[3][0.9\textwidth]{
+	\begin{subfigure}{0.32\textwidth}
+	\begin{minipage}[c][#1]{\textwidth}%
+	\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
+	\centering
+	\begin{tabular}{llll}
+	\toprule
+	\textbf{CPU (NCU)} & \textbf{RAM (NMU)} & \textbf{Machine count} &
+	\textbf{\% Machines} \\
+	\midrule
+	#3
+	\bottomrule
+	\end{tabular}}
+	\end{minipage}
+	\caption{#2}
+	\end{subfigure}}
+
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\machineconfigs[1.2\textwidth]{All clusters}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 8729 & 1.639218\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 124234 & 23.329891\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 103013 & 19.344801\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.166748 & 78078 & 14.662260\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 55801 & 10.478864\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.333496 & 36237 & 6.804943\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.500000 & 31151 & 5.849843\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 29594 & 5.557454\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 27011 & 5.072393\% \\
+1.000000 & 1.000000 & 12286 & 2.307187\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.166748 & 9902 & 1.859496\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.250000 & 7550 & 1.417814\% \\
+0.958984 & 1.000000 & 3552 & 0.667030\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.333496 & 3024 & 0.567877\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.666992 & 1000 & 0.187790\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.083374 & 634 & 0.119059\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.250000 & 600 & 0.112674\% \\
+0.500000 & 0.062500 & 54 & 0.010141\% \\
+0.500000 & 0.250000 & 34 & 0.006385\% \\
+0.479492 & 0.250000 & 12 & 0.002253\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.250000 & 6 & 0.001127\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.250000 & 4 & 0.000751\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.500000 & 2 & 0.000376\% \\
+0.479492 & 0.500000 & 2 & 0.000376\% \\
+}
+\machineconfigs[1.2\textwidth]{A cluster}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 1377 & 1.623170\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 29487 & 34.758469\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 13440 & 15.842705\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 12495 & 14.728764\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.333496 & 9057 & 10.676144\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 5265 & 6.206238\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 4608 & 5.431784\% \\
+1.000000 & 1.000000 & 4446 & 5.240823\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.166748 & 2484 & 2.928071\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.500000 & 1143 & 1.347337\% \\
+0.958984 & 1.000000 & 654 & 0.770917\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.250000 & 366 & 0.431431\% \\
+0.479492 & 0.250000 & 6 & 0.007073\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.250000 & 6 & 0.007073\% \\
+}
+\machineconfigs[1.2\textwidth]{Cluster B}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 134 & 0.264812\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 16184 & 31.982926\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 9790 & 19.347061\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 8448 & 16.694992\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.500000 & 5502 & 10.873088\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 3832 & 7.572823\% \\
+1.000000 & 1.000000 & 2214 & 4.375321\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.166748 & 2152 & 4.252796\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.333496 & 816 & 1.612584\% \\
+0.958984 & 1.000000 & 618 & 1.221296\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.666992 & 500 & 0.988103\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 412 & 0.814197\% \\
+}
+\machineconfigs{Cluster C}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 1466 & 2.274208\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.166748 & 15754 & 24.439204\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.333496 & 11104 & 17.225652\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 10404 & 16.139741\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.500000 & 6634 & 10.291334\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 5654 & 8.771059\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 3580 & 5.553660\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 2900 & 4.498774\% \\
+1.000000 & 1.000000 & 2736 & 4.244361\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.250000 & 2132 & 3.307375\% \\
+0.958984 & 1.000000 & 766 & 1.188297\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 620 & 0.961807\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.250000 & 600 & 0.930781\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.166748 & 112 & 0.173746\% \\
+}
+\machineconfigs{Cluster D}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 498 & 0.794309\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 28394 & 45.288376\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.333496 & 8402 & 13.401174\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.166748 & 8020 & 12.791885\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 5806 & 9.260559\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 4380 & 6.986092\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 3924 & 6.258772\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.166748 & 2548 & 4.064055\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.333496 & 426 & 0.679469\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 292 & 0.465739\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.250000 & 4 & 0.006380\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.500000 & 2 & 0.003190\% \\
+}
+\machineconfigs{Cluster E}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 536 & 0.671915\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.166748 & 38452 & 48.202377\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 11786 & 14.774608\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.500000 & 8646 & 10.838389\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 7606 & 9.534674\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 5586 & 7.002457\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 4470 & 5.603470\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.333496 & 1268 & 1.589530\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.083374 & 634 & 0.794765\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 324 & 0.406158\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.250000 & 268 & 0.335957\% \\
+1.000000 & 1.000000 & 138 & 0.172993\% \\
+0.500000 & 0.062500 & 54 & 0.067693\% \\
+0.500000 & 0.250000 & 4 & 0.005014\% \\
+}
+\machineconfigs{Cluster F}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 1432 & 2.299958\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 41340 & 66.396839\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 6878 & 11.046866\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 5564 & 8.936430\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.500000 & 2172 & 3.488484\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 1544 & 2.479843\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 1244 & 1.998008\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.250000 & 792 & 1.272044\% \\
+0.958984 & 1.000000 & 536 & 0.860878\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.333496 & 398 & 0.639234\% \\
+1.000000 & 1.000000 & 344 & 0.552504\% \\
+0.500000 & 0.250000 & 18 & 0.028910\% \\
+}
+\machineconfigs{Cluster G}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 1566 & 2.261568\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.166748 & 15852 & 22.892958\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 11808 & 17.052741\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 7968 & 11.507134\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 7830 & 11.307839\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 4690 & 6.773150\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 4258 & 6.149269\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.500000 & 4196 & 6.059731\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.333496 & 3864 & 5.580267\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.166748 & 2606 & 3.763503\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.250000 & 2100 & 3.032754\% \\
+0.259277 & 0.333496 & 1330 & 1.920744\% \\
+0.958984 & 1.000000 & 778 & 1.123563\% \\
+1.000000 & 1.000000 & 378 & 0.545896\% \\
+0.500000 & 0.250000 & 12 & 0.017330\% \\
+0.479492 & 0.250000 & 6 & 0.008665\% \\
+0.479492 & 0.500000 & 2 & 0.002888\% \\
+}
+\machineconfigs{Cluster H}{
+Unknown & Unknown & 1720 & 2.933251\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.500000 & 36324 & 61.946178\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.333496 & 4826 & 8.230158\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.333496 & 3682 & 6.279205\% \\
+0.958984 & 0.500000 & 2858 & 4.873973\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.333496 & 2596 & 4.427163\% \\
+1.000000 & 1.000000 & 2030 & 3.461919\% \\
+1.000000 & 0.250000 & 1892 & 3.226577\% \\
+0.386719 & 0.166748 & 1244 & 2.121491\% \\
+0.708984 & 0.666992 & 766 & 1.306320\% \\
+0.591797 & 0.666992 & 500 & 0.852689\% \\
+0.958984 & 1.000000 & 200 & 0.341076\% \\
+}
+\caption{Overwiew of machine configurations in terms of CPU and RAM resources for each cluster}
+\end{figure}

report/figures/machine_time_waste.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+\newcommand{\machinetimewaste}[3][0]{
+	\begin{subfigure}{\ifnum#1=1 0.5\textwidth \else 0.24\textwidth \fi}
+	\vspace{0.5cm}
+	%\ifnum#1=1 \hspace{0.25\textwidth} \fi
+	\begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth}%
+	\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{figures/machine_time_waste/#3}
+	\end{minipage}
+	%\hfill
+	\caption{#2}
+	\end{subfigure}}
+
+\newcommand{\machinetimewastelegend}{
+\begin{subfigure}{0.5\textwidth}
+\vspace{0.5cm}
+\centering
+\begin{tabular}{cc}
+\toprule
+\textbf{Color} & \textbf{Execution phase} \\
+\midrule
+	{\color{blue}Blue} & Queued \\
+	{\color{orange}Orange} & Ended \\
+	{\color{teal}Green} & Ready \\
+	{\color{red}Red} & Running \\
+	{\color{violet}Violet} & Evicted \\
+	{\color{brown}Brown} & Unknown \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{Execution state legend for the graphs}
+\end{subfigure}
+\hfill}
+
+\begin{figure}
+\machinetimewastelegend
+\machinetimewaste[1]{All clusters}{output_9_16.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster A}{output_9_0.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster B}{output_9_2.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster C}{output_9_4.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster D}{output_9_6.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster E}{output_9_8.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster F}{output_9_10.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster G}{output_9_12.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster H}{output_9_14.png}
+	\caption{Total task time (in milliseconds) spent in each execution phase w.r.t. task termination.}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+\machinetimewastelegend
+\machinetimewaste[1]{All clusters}{output_9_17.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster A}{output_9_1.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster B}{output_9_3.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster C}{output_9_5.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster D}{output_9_7.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster E}{output_9_9.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster F}{output_9_11.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster G}{output_9_13.png}
+\machinetimewaste{Cluster H}{output_9_15.png}
+	\caption{Relative task time (in milliseconds) spent in each execution phase w.r.t. task termination.}
+\end{figure}

spatial_resource_waste/spatial_resource_waste.ipynb

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 10,
-   "id": "black-funeral",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -19,7 +18,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 70,
-   "id": "hawaiian-cabin",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -29,7 +27,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 84,
-   "id": "blessed-updating",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -68,7 +65,6 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 85,
-   "id": "consistent-toilet",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -406,9 +402,9 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "venv",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
-   "name": "venv"
+   "name": "python3"
   },
   "language_info": {
    "codemirror_mode": {
@@ -420,7 +416,7 @@
    "name": "python",
    "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
    "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.9.4"
+   "version": "3.8.3"
   }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,