diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/ZorkEvaluatable.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/ZorkEvaluatable.java
index 590def1..f9aba99 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/ZorkEvaluatable.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/ZorkEvaluatable.java
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.github.dtschust.zork;
 
-import com.github.dtschust.zork.parser.ZorkGame;
-
 public interface ZorkEvaluatable {
     boolean evaluate(Zork zork);
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/parser/ZorkGame.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/parser/ZorkGame.java
index ec912c8..37807d4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/parser/ZorkGame.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/parser/ZorkGame.java
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ import java.util.Set;
 
 public class ZorkGame {
 
+    public final Set<String> inventory = new HashSet<>();
     protected boolean running = false;
     protected String currentRoom;
     protected ZorkMap<ZorkRoom> rooms = new ZorkMap<>();
     protected ZorkMap<ZorkItem> items = new ZorkMap<>();
     protected ZorkMap<ZorkContainer> containers = new ZorkMap<>();
     protected ZorkMap<ZorkCreature> creatures = new ZorkMap<>();
-    public final Set<String> inventory = new HashSet<>();
     protected HashMap<String, String> objectLookup = new HashMap<>();
 
     public ZorkRoom getCurrentRoom() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/parser/ZorkReader.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/parser/ZorkReader.java
index 7d0f709..422f844 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/parser/ZorkReader.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/parser/ZorkReader.java
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ package com.github.dtschust.zork.parser;
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.*;
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.types.*;
 import org.w3c.dom.CharacterData;
-import org.w3c.dom.*;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.Node;
+import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
 
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
 import java.io.File;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.*;
 
 public class ZorkReader {
 
@@ -29,95 +29,48 @@ public class ZorkReader {
         return "?";
     }
 
-    private static String getItemOrDefault(Element element, String name, String base){
+    private static String getItemOrDefault(Element element, String name, String base) {
         NodeList field = element.getElementsByTagName(name);
         return (field.getLength() > 0) ? getString((Element) field.item(0)) : base;
     }
 
-    public ZorkGame build() {
-
-        ZorkGame data = new ZorkGame();
-
-        File file = new File(filename);
-        if (!file.canRead()) {
-            System.out.println("Error opening file.  Exiting...");
-            throw new RuntimeException();
-        }
-
-        try {
-            /* Open the xml file*/
-            DocumentBuilderFactory builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
-            // Limit XML features to mitigate vulnerabilities
-            builder.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", true);
-            builder.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities", false);
-            builder.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities", false);
-
-            Element rootElement = builder.newDocumentBuilder().parse(file).getDocumentElement();
-
-            /* Every single first generation child is a room, container, creature, or item.  So load them in*/
-            for (Node node : iterNodes(rootElement.getChildNodes())) {
-                Element element;
-                if (node instanceof Element) {
-                    element = (Element) node;
-                    String tagType = element.getTagName();
-
-                    switch (tagType) {
-                        /* If it's a room ... */
-                        case "room":
-                            addRoom(data, element);
-                            break;
-                        /* If it's an item... */
-                        case "item":
-                            addItem(data, element);
-                            break;
-                        /* If it's a container... */
-                        case "container":
-                            addContainer(data, element);
-                            break;
-                        /* And finally, if it's a creature...*/
-                        case "creature":
-                            addCreature(data, element);
-                            break;
-                    }
-
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            System.out.println("Invalid XML file, exiting");
-            System.exit(-1);
-            //e.printStackTrace();
-        }
-
-        return data;
-    }
-
     private static void addCreature(ZorkGame data, Element element) {
-        /* Get all possible creature attributes*/
-        ZorkCreature tempCreature = new ZorkCreature(
-                getItemOrDefault(element, "name", ""),
-                getItemOrDefault(element, "description", "")
-        );
+        final Set<String> vulnerabilities = new HashSet<>();
+        final List<ZorkCondition> conditions = new ArrayList<>();
+        final List<String> prints = new ArrayList<>();
+        final List<String> actions = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        readTriggersInObject(element, tempCreature);
-        tempCreature.updateStatus(getItemOrDefault(element, "status", ""));
-
-        for (Element vuln : iterElements(element.getElementsByTagName("vulnerability"))) {
-            tempCreature.vulnerability.add(getString(vuln));
-        }
 
         NodeList attacks = element.getElementsByTagName("attack");
         for (Element attack : iterElements(attacks)) {
 
-            readConditionsInTrigger(attack, tempCreature.conditions);
+            readConditionsInTrigger(attack, conditions);
 
             for (Element print : iterElements(attack.getElementsByTagName("print"))) {
-                tempCreature.print.add(getString(print));
+                prints.add(getString(print));
             }
             for (Element action : iterElements(attack.getElementsByTagName("action"))) {
-                tempCreature.action.add(getString(action));
+                actions.add(getString(action));
             }
         }
 
+        for (Element vuln : iterElements(element.getElementsByTagName("vulnerability"))) {
+            vulnerabilities.add(getString(vuln));
+        }
+
+        /* Get all possible creature attributes */
+        ZorkCreature tempCreature = new ZorkCreature(
+                getItemOrDefault(element, "name", ""),
+                getItemOrDefault(element, "description", ""),
+                vulnerabilities,
+                conditions,
+                prints,
+                actions
+        );
+
+        readTriggersInObject(element, tempCreature);
+        tempCreature.updateStatus(getItemOrDefault(element, "status", ""));
+
         /* Put each creature in the creatures hashmap, the generic object hashmap, and the objectlookup hashmap*/
         data.addObjectThroughLookup("creature", tempCreature);
     }
@@ -149,29 +102,33 @@ public class ZorkReader {
     }
 
     private static void addItem(ZorkGame data, Element element) {
+        final List<String> prints = new ArrayList<>();
+        final List<String> actions = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        NodeList turnOn = element.getElementsByTagName("turnon");
+        if (turnOn.getLength() > 0) {
+            for (Element print : iterElements(element.getElementsByTagName("print"))) {
+                prints.add(getString(print));
+            }
+            for (Element action : iterElements(element.getElementsByTagName("action"))) {
+                actions.add(getString(action));
+            }
+        }
+
         /* Get all possible item attributes*/
         ZorkItem tempItem = new ZorkItem(
                 getItemOrDefault(element, "name", ""),
                 getItemOrDefault(element, "description", ""),
-                getItemOrDefault(element, "writing","")
+                getItemOrDefault(element, "writing", ""),
+                prints,
+                actions
         );
 
         readTriggersInObject(element, tempItem);
-        tempItem.updateStatus(getItemOrDefault(element, "status", ""));
 
-        NodeList turnon = element.getElementsByTagName("turnon");
-        if (turnon.getLength() > 0) {
-            for (Element print : iterElements(element.getElementsByTagName("print"))) {
-                tempItem.turnOnPrint.add(getString(print));
-            }
-            for (Element action : iterElements(element.getElementsByTagName("action"))) {
-                tempItem.turnOnAction.add(getString(action));
-            }
-
-        }
-
-        /* Put each item in the items hashmap, the generic objects hashmap, and store its type in objectlookup*/
+        /* Put each item in the items hashmap, the generic objects hashmap, and store its type in object lookup */
         data.addObjectThroughLookup("item", tempItem);
+        tempItem.updateStatus(getItemOrDefault(element, "status", ""));
     }
 
     private static void addRoom(ZorkGame data, Element element) {
@@ -181,7 +138,7 @@ public class ZorkReader {
                 getItemOrDefault(element, "name", ""),
                 getItemOrDefault(element, "description", ""),
                 getItemOrDefault(element, "type", "regular")
-                );
+        );
 
         readTriggersInObject(element, tempRoom);
         tempRoom.updateStatus(getItemOrDefault(element, "status", ""));
@@ -258,10 +215,12 @@ public class ZorkReader {
     private static <T> Iterable<T> iterable(final NodeList nodeList) {
         return () -> new Iterator<>() {
             private int index = 0;
+
             @Override
             public boolean hasNext() {
                 return index < nodeList.getLength();
             }
+
             @Override
             public T next() {
                 if (!hasNext())
@@ -278,4 +237,61 @@ public class ZorkReader {
     private static Iterable<Element> iterElements(final NodeList nodeList) {
         return iterable(nodeList);
     }
+
+    public ZorkGame build() {
+
+        ZorkGame data = new ZorkGame();
+
+        File file = new File(filename);
+        if (!file.canRead()) {
+            System.out.println("Error opening file.  Exiting...");
+            throw new RuntimeException();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            /* Open the xml file*/
+            DocumentBuilderFactory builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+            // Limit XML features to mitigate vulnerabilities
+            builder.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", true);
+            builder.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities", false);
+            builder.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities", false);
+
+            Element rootElement = builder.newDocumentBuilder().parse(file).getDocumentElement();
+
+            /* Every single first generation child is a room, container, creature, or item.  So load them in*/
+            for (Node node : iterNodes(rootElement.getChildNodes())) {
+                Element element;
+                if (node instanceof Element) {
+                    element = (Element) node;
+                    String tagType = element.getTagName();
+
+                    switch (tagType) {
+                        /* If it's a room ... */
+                        case "room":
+                            addRoom(data, element);
+                            break;
+                        /* If it's an item... */
+                        case "item":
+                            addItem(data, element);
+                            break;
+                        /* If it's a container... */
+                        case "container":
+                            addContainer(data, element);
+                            break;
+                        /* And finally, if it's a creature...*/
+                        case "creature":
+                            addCreature(data, element);
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.out.println("Invalid XML file, exiting");
+            System.exit(-1);
+            //e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        return data;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/Action.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/Action.java
index f6da0f7..ee888e2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/Action.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/Action.java
@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@ import java.util.List;
 
 public abstract class Action {
     public abstract boolean matchesInput(final List<String> arguments);
+
     public int getMinimumArgCount() {
         return 1;
     }
 
-    public int getMaximumArgCount() { return Integer.MAX_VALUE; }
+    public int getMaximumArgCount() {
+        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    }
+
     public abstract void run(final ZorkGame game, final List<String> arguments);
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/actions/AttackAction.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/actions/AttackAction.java
index c555e5d..4d8a535 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/actions/AttackAction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/actions/AttackAction.java
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.github.dtschust.zork.repl.actions;
 
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.parser.ZorkGame;
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.repl.Action;
-import com.github.dtschust.zork.repl.ActionDispatcher;
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.types.ZorkCreature;
 
 import java.util.List;
@@ -29,15 +28,9 @@ public class AttackAction extends Action {
         if (game.getCurrentRoom().creature.contains(tempString)) {
             ZorkCreature tempCreature = (ZorkCreature) game.get("creature", tempString);
             if (tempCreature != null && game.inventory.contains(weapon)) {
-                if (tempCreature.attack(game, weapon)) {
+                if (tempCreature.isAttackSuccessful(game, weapon)) {
                     System.out.println("You assault the " + tempString + " with the " + weapon + ".");
-                    for (String print : tempCreature.print) {
-                        System.out.println(print);
-                    }
-                    final ActionDispatcher effectsDispatcher = new ActionDispatcher(game);
-                    for (final String action : tempCreature.action) {
-                        effectsDispatcher.dispatch(action);
-                    }
+                    tempCreature.printAndExecuteActions(game);
                     return;
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/actions/TurnOnAction.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/actions/TurnOnAction.java
index 015df31..b1d2a3a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/actions/TurnOnAction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/repl/actions/TurnOnAction.java
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.github.dtschust.zork.repl.actions;
 
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.parser.ZorkGame;
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.repl.Action;
-import com.github.dtschust.zork.repl.ActionDispatcher;
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.types.ZorkItem;
 
 import java.util.List;
@@ -29,13 +28,7 @@ public class TurnOnAction extends Action {
             ZorkItem tempItem = (ZorkItem) game.get("item", what);
             System.out.println("You activate the " + what + ".");
             if (tempItem != null) {
-                for (String print : tempItem.turnOnPrint) {
-                    System.out.println(print);
-                }
-                final ActionDispatcher effectsDispatcher = new ActionDispatcher(game);
-                for (final String action : tempItem.turnOnAction) {
-                    effectsDispatcher.dispatch(action);
-                }
+                tempItem.printAndExecuteActions(game);
                 return;
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/HasPrintsAndActions.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/HasPrintsAndActions.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3a422f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/HasPrintsAndActions.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.github.dtschust.zork.types;
+
+import com.github.dtschust.zork.parser.ZorkGame;
+import com.github.dtschust.zork.repl.ActionDispatcher;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public interface HasPrintsAndActions {
+    List<String> getPrints();
+
+    List<String> getActions();
+
+    default void printAndExecuteActions(final ZorkGame game) {
+        for (final String print : getPrints()) {
+            System.out.println(print);
+        }
+        final ActionDispatcher effectsDispatcher = new ActionDispatcher(game);
+        for (final String action : getActions()) {
+            effectsDispatcher.dispatch(action);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkContainer.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkContainer.java
index bad2af2..2c3d7c7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkContainer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkContainer.java
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ public class ZorkContainer extends ZorkObject {
     }
 
 
-    public boolean isOpen(){
+    public boolean isOpen() {
         return open;
     }
-    public void open(){
+
+    public void open() {
         open = true;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkCreature.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkCreature.java
index c9a0219..082237a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkCreature.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkCreature.java
@@ -1,36 +1,51 @@
 package com.github.dtschust.zork.types;
 
-import com.github.dtschust.zork.Zork;
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.ZorkCondition;
 import com.github.dtschust.zork.parser.ZorkGame;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;
 
 /* Creature*/
-public class ZorkCreature extends ZorkObject {
-    public final Set<String> vulnerability = new HashSet<>();
-    public final List<ZorkCondition> conditions = new ArrayList<>();
-    public final List<String> print = new ArrayList<>();
-    public final List<String> action = new ArrayList<>();
+public class ZorkCreature extends ZorkObject implements HasPrintsAndActions {
+    private final Set<String> vulnerabilities;
+    private final List<ZorkCondition> conditions;
+    private final List<String> print;
+    private final List<String> action;
 
-    public ZorkCreature(String name, String description) {
+    public ZorkCreature(final String name,
+                        final String description,
+                        final Collection<String> vulnerabilities,
+                        final Collection<ZorkCondition> conditions,
+                        final Collection<String> prints,
+                        final Collection<String> actions) {
         super(name, description);
+        this.vulnerabilities = new HashSet<>(vulnerabilities);
+        this.conditions = new ArrayList<>(conditions);
+        this.print = new ArrayList<>(prints);
+        this.action = new ArrayList<>(actions);
     }
 
-
     /* Evaluate the success of an attack*/
-    public boolean attack(ZorkGame game, String weapon) {
-        if (!vulnerability.contains(weapon)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (ZorkCondition condition : conditions) {
-            if (!condition.evaluate(game)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
+
+    /**
+     * Given a game instance and a weapon, returns whether the attack is successful, i.e. if the creature is vulnerable
+     * to the weapon and all conditions for a successful attack are satisfied
+     *
+     * @param game   the game
+     * @param weapon the weapon
+     * @return true if the attack is successful
+     */
+    public boolean isAttackSuccessful(final ZorkGame game, final String weapon) {
+        return vulnerabilities.contains(weapon) && conditions.stream().allMatch(c -> c.evaluate(game));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> getPrints() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(print);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> getActions() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(action);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkItem.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkItem.java
index a565f24..622f26f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkItem.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkItem.java
@@ -1,16 +1,29 @@
 package com.github.dtschust.zork.types;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /* Item*/
-public class ZorkItem extends ZorkObject {
+public class ZorkItem extends ZorkObject implements HasPrintsAndActions {
     public final String writing;
-    public final List<String> turnOnPrint = new ArrayList<>();
-    public final List<String> turnOnAction = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<String> turnOnPrint;
+    private final List<String> turnOnAction;
 
-    public ZorkItem(String name, String description, String writing) {
+    public ZorkItem(String name, String description, String writing, List<String> turnOnPrint, List<String> turnOnAction) {
         super(name, description);
         this.writing = writing;
+        this.turnOnPrint = new ArrayList<>(turnOnPrint);
+        this.turnOnAction = new ArrayList<>(turnOnAction);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> getPrints() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(turnOnPrint);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> getActions() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(turnOnAction);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkMap.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkMap.java
index d30c70a..fbdcf4f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkMap.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkMap.java
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ package com.github.dtschust.zork.types;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
 
-public class ZorkMap<T extends ZorkObject> extends HashMap<String, T>{
+public class ZorkMap<T extends ZorkObject> extends HashMap<String, T> {
 
-    public T put(T object){
+    public T put(T object) {
         return put(object.name, object);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkObject.java b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkObject.java
index e9333b4..8c76f7c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkObject.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/types/ZorkObject.java
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ import java.util.List;
 public abstract class ZorkObject {
     public final String name;
     public final String description;
-    private String status;
-
     public final List<ZorkTrigger> trigger = new ArrayList<>();
+    private String status;
 
     protected ZorkObject(String name, String description) {
         this.name = name;
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/ZorkTest.java b/src/test/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/ZorkTest.java
index b39a9e7..923f179 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/ZorkTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/github/dtschust/zork/ZorkTest.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class ZorkTest {
         String gameExecution = "RunThroughResults.txt";
 
         CommandReader run = new CommandReader(gameExecution);
-        IOWrapper io = new IOWrapper(false);
+        IOWrapper io = new IOWrapper(true);
         new Thread(() -> {
             try {
                 catchSystemExit(() -> new Zork(gameConfig));