85 lines
2.5 KiB
HTML
85 lines
2.5 KiB
HTML
---
|
|
layout: page
|
|
category-page: basic
|
|
category-title: Basic commands
|
|
tags: directory list
|
|
author: Alessandro Marinelli
|
|
title: ls
|
|
previous-page: pages/cmd/basic/2-closeshell.html
|
|
next-page: pages/cmd/basic/4-man.html
|
|
---
|
|
The <code>ls</code> command is used to list a directory content or a file.<br>
|
|
The name stands for <i>LiSt</i>.
|
|
|
|
The default ls command syntax is:
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
ls [flags] [path]
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
Where [flags] are the ls flags, read below for more info,and [path] is the
|
|
(optional) path (absolute or relative).If no path is provided the current
|
|
directory is listed.<br>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Usage</h3>
|
|
|
|
<h4>List the elements on the current working directory</h4>
|
|
Let's see how to show a list containing the elements included in the
|
|
current working directory
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
ls
|
|
Other Multimedia my-cat.jpg
|
|
Photos Videos
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
As you can see, typing <code>ls</code> in the Unix Shell, will give as output
|
|
the list of elements contained in the current working directory.<br>
|
|
Elements listed can be files (look for exemple at the element<i>my-cat.jpg</i>),
|
|
such as other directories (look for example at the folder <i>Photos</i>).<br><br>
|
|
|
|
<h3>List the elements contained in a directory</h3>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
ls Photos
|
|
01.jpg 02.jpg
|
|
03.jpg 04.jpg
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
As you can see, now the Unix Shell is showing us the elements contained
|
|
in the folder <i>Photos</i>.<br><br>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Show hidden files</h3>
|
|
You can include hidden files (those which name starts with ".") in
|
|
the displayed list using the <code>-a</code> flag.
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
ls -a Photos
|
|
. 01.png
|
|
.. 02.png
|
|
.DS_Store 03.png
|
|
.secret.png 04.jpg
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
As you can see, now the shell shows more files for the same directory.<br><br>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Show list in long format</h3>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
ls -l
|
|
total 10816
|
|
-rw-r--r--@ 1 YourName YourGroup 3143706 4 Ott 13:28 01.png
|
|
-rw-r--r--@ 1 YourName YourGroup 2269193 28 Ott 18:58 02.png
|
|
-rw-r--r--@ 1 YourName YourGroup 37900 28 Ott 22:07 03.png
|
|
-rw-r--r--@ 1 YourName YourGroup 75924 20 Ott 16:01 04.jpg
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
If the <code>-l</code> flag is given, the following information will be displayed for
|
|
each file: file mode, number of links, owner name, group name, number of
|
|
bytes in the file, abbreviated month, day-of-month file was last modified,
|
|
hour file last modified, minute file last modified, and the path.
|
|
|
|
In addition, for each directory whose contents are displayed, the
|
|
total number of 512-byte blocks used by the files in the directory is
|
|
displayed on a line by itself, immediately before the information for the
|
|
files in the directory.
|