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git-svn-id: svn+ssh://atelier.inf.usi.ch/home/bevilj/group-1@254 a672b425-5310-4d7a-af5c-997e18724b81
84 lines
2.5 KiB
HTML
84 lines
2.5 KiB
HTML
---
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layout: page
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category-page: basic
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category-title: Basic commands
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tags: directory list
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author: Alessandro Marinelli
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title: ls
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previous-page: pages/cmd/basic/2-closeshell.html
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next-page: pages/cmd/basic/4-man.html
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---
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The <code>ls</code> command is used to list a directory content or a file.<br>
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The name stands for <i>LiSt</i>.
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The default ls command syntax is:
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<pre>
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ls [flags] [path]
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</pre>
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Where [flags] are the ls flags, read below for more info,and [path] is the
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(optional) path (absolute or relative).If no path is provided the current
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directory is listed.<br>
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<h3>Usage</h3>
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<h4>List the elements on the current working directory</h4>
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Let's see how to show a list containing the elements included in the
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current working directory
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<pre>
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ls
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Other Multimedia my-cat.jpg
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Photos Videos
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</pre>
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As you can see, typing <code>ls</code> in the Unix Shell, will give as output
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the list of elements contained in the current working directory.<br>
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Elements listed can be files (look for exemple at the element<i>my-cat.jpg</i>),
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such as other directories (look for example at the folder <i>Photos</i>).<br><br>
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<h3>List the elements contained in a directory</h3>
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<pre>
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ls Photos
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01.jpg 02.jpg
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03.jpg 04.jpg
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</pre>
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As you can see, now the Unix Shell is showing us the elements contained
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in the folder <i>Photos</i>.<br><br>
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<h3>Show hidden files</h3>
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You can include hidden files (those which name starts with ".") in
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the displayed list using the <code>-a</code> flag.
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<pre>
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ls -a Photos
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. 01.png
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.. 02.png
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.DS_Store 03.png
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.secret.png 04.jpg
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</pre>
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As you can see, now the shell shows more files for the same directory.<br><br>
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<h3>Show list in long format</h3>
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<pre>
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ls -l
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total 10816
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-rw-r--r--@ 1 YourName YourGroup 3143706 4 Ott 13:28 01.png
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-rw-r--r--@ 1 YourName YourGroup 2269193 28 Ott 18:58 02.png
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-rw-r--r--@ 1 YourName YourGroup 37900 28 Ott 22:07 03.png
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-rw-r--r--@ 1 YourName YourGroup 75924 20 Ott 16:01 04.jpg
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</pre>
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If the <code>-l</code> flag is given, the following information will be displayed for
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each file: file mode, number of links, owner name, group name, number of
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bytes in the file, abbreviated month, day-of-month file was last modified,
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hour file last modified, minute file last modified, and the path.
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In addition, for each directory whose contents are displayed, the
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total number of 512-byte blocks used by the files in the directory is
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displayed on a line by itself, immediately before the information for the
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files in the directory.
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