interm: update tar page (by @brunnn)
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@ -7,62 +7,110 @@ author: Nicola Brunner
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title: tar
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---
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<p>The <code>tar</code> command is used to create and manipulate streaming archive files, in
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other words it is used to compress and extract files and directories. He can
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extract from many file formats like: tar, pax, cpio, zio, jar, ar and ISO 9660
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cdrom images and create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.</p>
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<br>
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The <code>tar</code> command is used to create and manipulate streaming archive files, in
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other words it is used to compress and extract files and directories. He can
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extract from many file formats like: tar, pax, cpio, zio, jar, ar and ISO 9660
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cdrom images and create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.<br><br>
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<h3>Usage:</h3>
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<p>There are different syntaxes for this command:</p>
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<pre>tar {-c} [options] [files | directories]</pre>
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<p>The first one is the default syntax. Where <code>{-c}</code> stays for the
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creation of a new archive, <code>[options]<code> for the different flags that
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we can use, <code>[files | directories]</code> for the files or directories
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that we want to compress.<p>
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<pre>tar {-r | -u} -f archive-file [options] [files | directories]<br>
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tar {-t | -x} [options] [patterns]<br>
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tar [bundled-flags <args>] [<file> | <pattern> ...]</pre>
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<p>The last one shows a “bundled” option word provided for compatibility with
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historical implementations.</p>
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<br>
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There are different syntaxes for this command:
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<pre>
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tar {-c} [options] [files | directories]
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</pre>
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The first one is the default syntax. Where <code>{-c}</code> stays for the
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creation of a new archive, <code>[options]</code> for the different flags that
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we can use, <code>[files | directories]</code> for the files or directories
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what we want to compress.
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<pre>
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tar {-r | -u} -f archive-file [options] [files | directories]
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tar {-t | -x} [options] [patterns]
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tar [bundled-flags args] [file | pattern ...]
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</pre>
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The last one shows a bundled option word provided for compatibility with
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historical implementations.<br><br>
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<h3>Flags:</h3>
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<p>This command has a large number of options, but you just need to remember a
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few letters for the most important ones:</p>
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This command has a large number of options, but you just need to remember a
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few letters for the most important ones:
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<ul>
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<li><code>-c</code> creates a new archive, that contains the specified items.</li>
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<li><code>-r</code> is like <code>-c</code> but appends the new entries to the
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archive, requires the <code>-f</code> option.</li>
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<li><code>-u</code> is like <code>-r</code> but adds the new entries only if
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the date is newer than the corresponding entry date of the file/directory to
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the archive, requires the <code>-f</code> option.</li>
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<li><code>-t</code> lists the archive contents to the terminal output.</li>
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<li><code>-v</code> is used to display the progress of an archive creation in
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the terminal.</li>
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<li><code>-f</code> allows to specify the name of an archive.</li>
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<li><code>-x</code> is used to extract files from an archive to the disk.</li>
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<li><code>--exclude</code> does not compress specified files or directories.</li>
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<li><code>--include</code> compresses specified file or directories. It's
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important to know that <code>--exclude</code> take precedence over inclusions.
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The <code>--include</code> option is useful when you want to filter archives</li>
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<li><code>-c</code> creates a new archive, that contains the specified items.</li>
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<li><code>-r</code> is like <code>-c</code> but appends the new entries to the
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archive, requires the <code>-f</code> option.
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</li>
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<li><code>-u</code> is like <code>-r</code> but adds the new entries only if
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the date is newer than the corresponding entry date of the file/directory to
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the archive, requires the <code>-f</code> option.
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</li>
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<li><code>-t</code> lists the archive contents to the terminal output.</li>
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<li><code>-v</code> is used to display the progress of an archive creation in
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the terminal.
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</li>
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<li><code>-f</code> allows to specify the name of an archive.</li>
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<li><code>-x</code> is used to extract files from an archive to the disk.</li>
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<li><code>--exclude</code> does not compress specified files or directories.</li>
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<li><code>--include</code> compresses specified file or directories. It's
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important to know that <code>--exclude</code> take precedence over inclusions.
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The <code>--include</code> option is useful when you want to filter archives.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If you don’t find here an option that you search, or you are interested to read
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more about this command, you can write in your terminal:<p>
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<pre>tar man</pre>
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<br>
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If you don't find here an option that you search, or you are interested to read
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more about this command, you can write in your terminal:
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<h3>Example:</h3>
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<pre>tar -cvf archive.zip makesmaller.jpg</pre>
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<p>In this case, we take the file <code>makesmaller.jpg</code> and compress it
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to <code>archive.zip</code>. We use the options <code>-cvf</code>, <code>-c </code>
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for creating a new archive, <code>-v</code> for displaying the progress of the
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operation and <code>-f</code> for specifying the name of the archive.
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<pre>
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man tar
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</pre>
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<pre>tar -cvf archive.zip makesmaller.jpg alsome.txt</pre>
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<p>It’s the same case as before, but we wanted to add also <code>alsome.txt</code>
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to <code>archive.zip</code>.
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<h3>Examples</h3>
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<pre>
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tar -cvf archive.zip makesmaller.jpg
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</pre>
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In this case, we take the file <code>makesmaller.jpg</code> and compress it
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to <code>archive.zip</code>. We use the options <code>-cvf</code>, <code>-c </code>
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for creating a new archive, <code>-v</code> for displaying the progress of the
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operation and <code>-f</code> for specifying the name of the archive.
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<pre>
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tar -cvf archive.zip makesmaller.jpg alsome.txt
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</pre>
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It's the same case as before, but we wanted to add also <code>alsome.txt</code>
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to <code>archive.zip</code>.
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<pre>
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tar -cvf archive.tar /home/Documents --exclude=/home/Documents/PrivatePictures --exclude=/home/Documents/notme.txt
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</pre>
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With this command we can create an archive named <code>archive.tar</code> of
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the <code>/home/Documents directory</code>, but we won't include the
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<code>PrivatePictures</code> directory and the file <code>notme.txt</code>,
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both are contained in <code>/home/Documents</code>.
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<pre>
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tar -cvf archive.tar /home/Music --exclude=*.mp4
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</pre>
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In this special case we exclude from the <code>archive.tar</code>all the
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files which ends in .mp4 and are contained in the directory <code>/home/Music</code>.
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<pre>
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tar -cvf archive.zip /home/Music --include=*.mp3
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</pre>
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In this case we include only the files from the directory <code>/home/Music</code>
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that ends in .mp3 to the <code>archive.zip</code>.
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<pre>
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tar -xvf archive.zip
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</pre>
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It's the same as the archive creation command we used above in the first
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example, except the <code>-x</code> option replaces the <code>-c</code> option.
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This specifies you want to extract an archive instead of creating one.
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