587b373325
git-svn-id: svn+ssh://atelier.inf.usi.ch/home/bevilj/group-1@243 a672b425-5310-4d7a-af5c-997e18724b81
116 lines
4.1 KiB
HTML
116 lines
4.1 KiB
HTML
---
|
|
layout: page
|
|
category_title: interm
|
|
category-page: interm
|
|
tags: tar shell command compress archive
|
|
author: Nicola Brunner
|
|
title: tar
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
The <code>tar</code> command is used to create and manipulate streaming archive files, in
|
|
other words it is used to compress and extract files and directories. He can
|
|
extract from many file formats like: tar, pax, cpio, zio, jar, ar and ISO 9660
|
|
cdrom images and create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.<br><br>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Usage:</h3>
|
|
|
|
There are different syntaxes for this command:
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
tar {-c} [options] [files | directories]
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
The first one is the default syntax. Where <code>{-c}</code> stays for the
|
|
creation of a new archive, <code>[options]</code> for the different flags that
|
|
we can use, <code>[files | directories]</code> for the files or directories
|
|
what we want to compress.
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
tar {-r | -u} -f archive-file [options] [files | directories]
|
|
tar {-t | -x} [options] [patterns]
|
|
tar [bundled-flags args] [file | pattern ...]
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
The last one shows a bundled option word provided for compatibility with
|
|
historical implementations.<br><br>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Flags:</h3>
|
|
|
|
This command has a large number of options, but you just need to remember a
|
|
few letters for the most important ones:
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>-c</code> creates a new archive, that contains the specified items.</li>
|
|
<li><code>-r</code> is like <code>-c</code> but appends the new entries to the
|
|
archive, requires the <code>-f</code> option.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><code>-u</code> is like <code>-r</code> but adds the new entries only if
|
|
the date is newer than the corresponding entry date of the file/directory to
|
|
the archive, requires the <code>-f</code> option.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><code>-t</code> lists the archive contents to the terminal output.</li>
|
|
<li><code>-v</code> is used to display the progress of an archive creation in
|
|
the terminal.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><code>-f</code> allows to specify the name of an archive.</li>
|
|
<li><code>-x</code> is used to extract files from an archive to the disk.</li>
|
|
<li><code>--exclude</code> does not compress specified files or directories.</li>
|
|
<li><code>--include</code> compresses specified file or directories. It's
|
|
important to know that <code>--exclude</code> take precedence over inclusions.
|
|
The <code>--include</code> option is useful when you want to filter archives.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
If you don't find here an option that you search, or you are interested to read
|
|
more about this command, you can write in your terminal:
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
man tar
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Examples</h3>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
tar -cvf archive.zip makesmaller.jpg
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
In this case, we take the file <code>makesmaller.jpg</code> and compress it
|
|
to <code>archive.zip</code>. We use the options <code>-cvf</code>, <code>-c </code>
|
|
for creating a new archive, <code>-v</code> for displaying the progress of the
|
|
operation and <code>-f</code> for specifying the name of the archive.
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
tar -cvf archive.zip makesmaller.jpg alsome.txt
|
|
</pre>
|
|
It's the same case as before, but we wanted to add also <code>alsome.txt</code>
|
|
to <code>archive.zip</code>.
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
tar -cvf archive.tar /home/Documents --exclude=/home/Documents/PrivatePictures --exclude=/home/Documents/notme.txt
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
With this command we can create an archive named <code>archive.tar</code> of
|
|
the <code>/home/Documents directory</code>, but we won't include the
|
|
<code>PrivatePictures</code> directory and the file <code>notme.txt</code>,
|
|
both are contained in <code>/home/Documents</code>.
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
tar -cvf archive.tar /home/Music --exclude=*.mp4
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
In this special case we exclude from the <code>archive.tar</code>all the
|
|
files which ends in .mp4 and are contained in the directory <code>/home/Music</code>.
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
tar -cvf archive.zip /home/Music --include=*.mp3
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
In this case we include only the files from the directory <code>/home/Music</code>
|
|
that ends in .mp3 to the <code>archive.zip</code>.
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
tar -xvf archive.zip
|
|
</pre>
|
|
It's the same as the archive creation command we used above in the first
|
|
example, except the <code>-x</code> option replaces the <code>-c</code> option.
|
|
This specifies you want to extract an archive instead of creating one.
|